‘That’s the way the city works’: how the UAE changed the face of Andy Burnham’s Manchester

When Hosni Mubarak, Egypt’s long-ruling dictator, was toppled from power in the Arab spring protests of 2011, his downfall sent shock waves across the Middle East. It also helped change the face of modern Manchester. Mubarak’s successor, the Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohamed Morsi, was a sworn enemy of the United Arab Emirates, whose rulers feared the advance of Morsi’s Islamism. The UAE, a key western ally, was concerned that David Cameron’s UK government was not strong enough on the Muslim Bro